Nikolai Vavilov was a Russian botanist, geneticist and agronomist. He was one of the great minds of the 20th century, but tragically died of starvation in prison under the Stalin regime.
Barbara McClintock was an American geneticist. Her discovery of transposons revolutionised our understanding of genetics. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 1983.
Although this is intended as a light-hearted guide to areas of science that might interest you, it serves to illustrate the inter-disciplinary nature of science.